In the study of optics, it is common to decompose complicated light fields into superpositions of pure sinusoidal waves. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. Electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. Light and electromagnetic waves high school physics. The nature of waves summary the physics hypertextbook. Electromagnetic waves are dealt with more fully in another section of this book. Notes for class 10 science physics chapter 10 light reflection and refraction download in pdf. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables travelling waves the wave equation 0 y v y 1 2 2 2 2 2. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference. Electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum. My text for physical science and engineering majors is simple nature.
Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and check your understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is taught. Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. Here are some wave formulas that are useful when youre working with optics. The transverse nature of light can be demonstrated through polarization.
Physics is the study of the basic principles that govern the physical world around us. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light. Conceptual ideas develop logically and sequentially, ultimately leading into the mathematics of the topics. In this work it is convenient to represent light waves in a simplified form. However, the energy imparted by the waves is absorbed at single locations the way.
There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the typical human. Free pdf download of hc verma solutions for class 11 physics part1 chapter 17 light waves solved by expert physics teachers on. Light waves vce the question of what is light was a matter of great debate during the 17th and 18th century. Since light can be analysed as a complex mixture of a huge number of individual electromagnetic waves, the important properties of light and other electromagnetic waves can therefore be understood in terms of the properties of these simple elementary waves. Light waves diffract in the same manner that waves diffract when they collide with an object. Pdf interference of light waves ermilson arias academia. One of the distinguishing features of physics is that physicists continually strive for general principles and simple models that can be applied to large classes of phenomena. From physical science study committee, college physics, lexington, ma.
Since it travels at the speed of light, c 3 108 m s. Transverse waves one type of mechanical wave is a trans. The course covers topics and concepts typically included in the second semester of an algebrabased, introductory collegelevel physics course. Polarization of light, waves from alevel physics tutor. Objectives aims this chapter is essentially an introduction to the wave theory of light. Propagation of light through a slit demonstrates wave properties. Light waves that is, electromagnetic waves behave like other waves. Other waves called electromagnetic waves can travel either through matter or through empty space. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Some of these waves are compressional, and others are transverse. I hope to emphasize that the physics of standing waves is the same. The physics classroom physics tutorial vibrations and waves. At this stage you should get a basic understanding of the wave model of light, which involves the idea of light as a complex superposition of many component waves, or elementary waves, each with its own wavelength.
The longest wavelength visible light that we can see has a wavelength of about 0. The seismic waves that cause most damage to buildings are a kind of rolling waves. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Types of waves 2types of waves 2 plane waves propagation direction w plane waves have a propagation direction and therefore plane wavefronts e. Polarization is the production of waves oscillating in one plane ie with one line of oscillation from a source of randomly oscillating waves. Sir isaac newton believed that light was a stream of particles. Algebra and trig are used, and there are optional calculusbased sections. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. Christiaan huygens published his wave theory of light in 1690. The idea is read the information and than print the quiz sheet and try the questions. Lots of formulas, definitions and key points to learn off. Traveling waves appear only after a thorough exploration of onedimensional standing waves.
The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum and photons. Jon chase and a group of art students take part in an experiment to explore the science of colour absorption and reflection. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of. In transverse waves the vibration of the particles is at right angles to the direction of energy transport. Within that broad spectrum the wavelengths visible to humans occupy a very narrow band, from. Hc verma class 11 physics part1 solutions for chapter 17. Wavelike properties of light plus extra resources on new content areas.
It is often convenient to represent electromagnetic wave phenomena i. All the exercise of chapter 17 light waves questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks. The right shows deconstructive interference superposition where the two waves cancel each other e. In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. Light and quantum physics infrared radiation infrared is light that has a wavelength longer than that of visible light. Christian huygens proposed that light travelled as waves.
Light, electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. If the electric field of one light wave goes up when the. Algebrabased is a secondyear physics course designed for high school students in grade 12 who have completed honors or ap physics 1. The direction of vibration in the waves is at 90 to the direction that the light travels. James clerk maxwells 1831 1879 theory of electromagnetism, however, showed that light was a wave in combined electric and magnetic. Access to physics zone and chemistry zone lessons are now available free of charge. Gamma rays will have the smallest wavelength, highest frequency, and greatest energy.
Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Electromagnetic waves and interference physics science. Giving it a name the luminiferous aether didnt help. The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. There are also accompanying test sheets to check your memorisation.
Mar 24, 2020 light, electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. Pdf since ancient times, the nature and properties of light have been. In a light beam there are many waves with lines of oscillation set at random angles. Science physics electromagnetic waves and interference introduction to electromagnetic waves introduction to electromagnetic waves light. In order to observe interference in light waves, the following conditions must be met. Waves, sound and light please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going a3a4 and using back to back on the photocopier. The first minimum is described by m0 and the tenth by m9. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. The physics classroom tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easytounderstand language. Light waves, which have been found to exhibit characteristics of particles, behave in certain ways that we can observe by experimentation.
Like all types of em radiation, visible light propagates as waves. Light, reflection, and color characteristics of light light is an electromagnetic wave. When electromagnetic waves travel through a mediumanything other than a true vacuumthey slow down to less than the speed of light in a vacuum, c, depending on the materials index of refraction, n. F irst, you will perform an experiment with a pulse of a light wave to measure the speed of light propagation in vacuum empty space. The polarization of light refers to the orientation of the oscillation in the underlying electric field.
The physics of waves,the huygensfresnel principle, diffraction, maxwells equations, polarisation, fermats principle, spherical lenses and mirrors, crystal symmetry and optical instruments. Photonic crystals molding the flow of light pdf mb. This is an introductory text intended for a oneyear introductory course of the type typically taken by biology majors, or for ap physics 1 and 2. Gamma rays will have the smallest wavelength, highest frequency, and. Speed of light in a vacuum all electromagnetic waves travel at. Electromagnetic waves are ultimately produced by an accelerating charge. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light.
They can reflect, refract bend, and interfere with each other. Accelerating charges emit electromagnetic waves light. Now, if the electric field of the two light waves goes up and down together we say that waves are oscillating inphase then the amplitude of the resulting field gets reinforced and we get constructive interference. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. In this sense, gamma rays, xrays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. Waves, sound and light please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going a3a4 and using back to back on the photocopier contents. At any point on the path of a simple harmonic light wave the strengths of the electric and. Describe the six properties of electromagnetic waves and give everyday examples. Nature of light, geometrical optics, optical instrumentation, dispersion, prisms, and aberrations, wave equations, em waves, polarization, fresnel equations, production of polarized light, superposition of waves interference of light, coherence, fraunhofer diffraction, fourier optics, characteristics. They also undergo interference when passing through or reflecting against objects of. Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008. Like all electromagnetic waves, light can travel through a vacuum.
Radio waves will have the largest wavelength, smallest frequency, and lowest energy. Maxwell and the electromagnetic spectrum professor dave explains. The types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, xrays, and gamma rays. Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going a3a4 and. These rolling waves are a combination of compressional and transverse waves. Properties of light university of maryland college of. In support of all the students who are displaced from school due to the corona virus. How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision. Cancellation and addition of diffracted waves results in striped pattern in contrast to what would be expected by particles. There are other types of waves such as light or matter waves which are not as easy to visualize, and we shall postpone detailed discussion of these waves until later. Learn about some of the mysterious properties of light in these tutorials.
He proposed that light is emitted as a series of waves in a medium called the luminiferous ether. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves. Science physics electromagnetic waves and interference introduction to electromagnetic waves. Light is a transverse wave polarization only occur to transverse waves. How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision bbc. Electromagnetic radiation occurs over an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays with wavelengths less than about 1. Electromagnetic waves include, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, xrays, and gamma rays. This will be maintained at least through august 1st 2020. In this virtual lab you will learn several concepts related to light waves and the phenomena of interference. Chapter 10 light reflection and refraction notes download in pdf which has explanation of light reflection and refraction, light reflection and refraction class 10, light reflection and refraction class 10 notes, reflection and refraction of light.
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